*+**** Instructor-- entered ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Mon Sep 17 19:57:21 2007

Instructor >>Hi Class, welcome to the chat session

Piglet >>hello

Instructor >>HI folks.....lets see ...we have two instructors here....

Instructor >>This is Dr.Somanchi, Hello

Piglet >>hello

Instructor >>Hi Dr. Somanchi....glad to see you

Eeyore >>This is my first chat I am not sure what to do

Instructor >>Okay folks...so we have Dr. Allen-Chabot (me) here and Dr. Somanchi here and all of you.

Rabbit >>hello all

Piglet >>same here first chat

Instructor >>I have e-mailed you the correct answers for HW 2

Rabbit >>how is everyone tonight?

Instructor >>Any questions for us before I start throwing out questions

Piglet >>this is for proc chester class right?

Piglet >>prof

Instructor >>Yes...

Piglet >>ok

Rabbit >>whoop. hehe. got booted for a sec

Piglet >>welcome back

Rabbit >>is anyone having any difficulties on anything?

Piglet >>no questions here at the moment

Instructor >>there are three online classes that use the same platform and several lecture classes as well......all are welcome to attend this chat

Piglet >>ok

Instructor >>Hi Amy, I am bit confused. How many Prof are online for this chat session? - Dr.Somanchi

Rabbit >>on the hw1, i actually had a little trouble on the last 5 questions. i missed two of them i think

Instructor >>Okay......I am going to throw out questions iin random order

Instructor >>There are two professors here.....Amy Allen-Chabot and Meena Somanchi

Instructor >>Dr. Chester may join us as well.

Piglet >>sorry

Rabbit >>i wish i was a doctor >_<

Instructor >>okay.....which number is likely to be larger....the EAR or the RDA?

Instructor >>Rabbit...you can also be a doctor...you just have to stay in school for years on end and make no money

Owl >>RDA

Rabbit >>RDA

Rabbit >>ear is an estimate.. so it may be lower than the required...rda , right?

Owl >>b/c they are set high to cover the majority of population

Instructor >>The ERA is an average intake recommendation....the RDA is designed to cover 98% of the population...not the 50% that the EAR covers.

Rabbit >>yea, that. hehe. there ya go..

Instructor >>A food has 420 kcalories and 15 grams of fat. What is the percent kcalories from fat?

Owl >>32 %

Instructor >>That is right. RDA is 2 standard deviations of EAR

Piglet >>28%?

Instructor >>Good Owl...how did you get that number

Rabbit >>i got 32 percent as well, Owl.

Rabbit >>here's how i got my answer..

Instructor >>How did you get it.....a 2-step process

Owl >>15g times 9 Calories/gram =135 then 135 divided by 420

Rabbit >>fat , lipids, contain 9kcalper.. gram

Rabbit >>so you do 9 times 5..

Eeyore >>15 fat grams x 9 = 135 divid by 420

Rabbit >>parts per whole, 9*5 / 420.. =.321428

Instructor >>good....so convert grams to kcalories so we are talking about the same units...then divide the part (fat kcalories) by the whole (total kcalories)

Piglet >>ok i see now

Instructor >>What is the role of the stomach in digestion?

Rabbit >>9*15. not five lol

Owl >>break down food and prepare for absorption

Rabbit >>the stomach uses it's low ph acids to break down foods..

Instructor >>not quite...but you are on the right track

Instructor >>Which are broken in the low pH?

Rabbit >>which what?

Instructor >>lets see.....the muscles of the stomach mix up the food

Kanga >>the stomach absorbs the nutrients

Instructor >>what does the acid do?

Instructor >>Sorry, which nutrient is broken at low pH

Instructor >>doesn't break up food or absorb it but it does de_____ proteins

Rabbit >>destroy

Rabbit >>detoxify

Owl >>nature

Instructor >>destroy because it denatures

Instructor >>what does denature mean?

Rabbit >>oh. that was a guess.

Rabbit >>what does denature mean

Eeyore >>changes the protien

Instructor >>changes in what way

Instructor >>denature means to uncoil....the acid causes the protein to lose its shape...and this destroys its function

Eeyore >>breaks the bonds so our body can use it?

Rabbit >>is it extracted from food?

Instructor >>acid doesn't really break significant bonds between amino acids or other macronutrients

Instructor >>to break bonds, what compound is needed?

Owl >>pepsin

Instructor >>right...we need enzymes to make significant headway in breaking apart the macronutrients....

Instructor >>Can you give a general name?

Owl >>enzyme

Instructor >>Good

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Instructor >>Pepsin is an enzyme released in the stomach

Instructor >>Okay......what is the leading cause of death in the US

Instructor >>Which part of the Gi do nutrients get absorbed?

Rabbit >>intestines?

Owl >>heart disease

Instructor >>Be specific

Owl >>small intestine

Instructor >>good Owl....thats right for leading cause of death

Instructor >>small intestine is right

Instructor >>good....

Rabbit >>stepanie is on a role:)

Owl >>thanks

Owl >>this is helping me study

Rabbit >>me too!!

Rabbit >>glad i was able to make it here tonight!

Instructor >>a study that matches people with a disease to people without a disease is called a _________ study

Instructor >>(yes...this should really help you focus)

Instructor >>chats are very fun!

Owl >>case control

Roo >>case control is right

Instructor >>good...cases of x disease matched to controls....so case-contro

Instructor >>how does a cohort study differ from a cross-sectional study?

Roo >>cohort study a group that has something in common, a cross-sectional study is population study

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Instructor >>well....what is an example of "something in common"?

Rabbit >>group a all dies from a side effect?

*

Owl >>something in common is that they study many different things about a population

Instructor >>what key words might you look for to decide if a study is cohort? Did you look at the decision tree schematic

Rabbit >>oops

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Instructor >>its not soo much that one group has something in common and one doesn't....

Instructor >>both are generally large studies with big numbers of subjects but they differ in approach.

Instructor >>one collects information and immediately analyzes it to find associations....which one is that?

Owl >>relationships between lifestyle and disease are determined after many years in cohrt study

Instructor >>the other study collects informaiton then follows people for many years and then sees what they get sick or die of and THEN looks for associations

Owl >>that would be cross sectional

Instructor >>If a group is followed into the future for many years.....its cohort

Owl >>second one is cohort

Instructor >>So: collect information ----> follow for years ---> collect information on health -------> look for associations This is a cohort model

Instructor >>Give an example of a nutrient which has no RDA but has AI

Instructor >>collect information about health and lifestyle, diet etc. and then immediately look for associations = cross sectional study

Instructor >>does this make sense......

Rabbit >>yes

Owl >>Calcium

Instructor >>It sure is

Rabbit >>can we just conclude that cohort is long term, and cross sectional is short.

Instructor >>a cohort study tends to collect info on healthy folks........then follows them to see what they get sick with.....then looks for associatons

Instructor >>I hate to oversimplify it too much but yes....that rubric would likely work

Rabbit >>>_< im a guy. thats how my mind works

Instructor >>and a case-control is different because it actually matches folks with a disease to those without.

Instructor >>:-)

Instructor >>Okay.....what does double blind mean?

Kanga >>nobody knows who the control is and who the experimental group is

Kanga >>niether is know

Kanga >>known

Owl >>neither the subjects or the pill giver knows who has placebo

Instructor >>someone knows.....but the person actually administering the treatment and the folks receiving the treatment don't know....some researcher in a back room knows

Rabbit >>yea. scientiest and subjects are unaware

Instructor >>good.

Instructor >>a label says the food is low fat......the food has 4.5 grams of fat per serving.....is the label accurate

Owl >>no

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Rabbit >>no

Tigger >>no

Rabbit >>low fat must be

Owl >>must be les than 3 grams of fat to be "low fat"

Rabbit >>less than 3 grams

Kanga >>no

Kanga >>you all are fast

Instructor >>good......a label says this food has lutein and lutein helps maintain healty vision. What type of claim is being made?

Rabbit >>health claim?

Owl >>structure/function

Rabbit >>oh..

Instructor >>(remember...when you see "health calim" think "disease claim"....if its a health claim, it should name a disease or disorder

Instructor >>good...structure function claim.

Rabbit >>oh.. what are the other caims?

Kanga >>implied

Kanga >>is another type

Instructor >>what does "implied" refer to? Not familiar with that....does the text talk about it.

Winnie >>which chapter can I find the claims?

Kanga >>yes it says that implied claims are prohibited when they wrongfully imply that a food contains or does not contin a meaningful level of a nutrient

Tigger >>I thought there was only a health claim and a structure/function claim?

Instructor >>The three we talk about are "health claim (inclidng qualified health claim), structure function claims and nutrient claims.

Kanga >>page 59 in the text

Instructor >>Not sure where they are in the book but they are laid out in the online lecture

Winnie >>thanks

Instructor >>low fat is a "nutrient claim"

Instructor >>Interesting Kanga...that is correct....

Instructor >>page 59: Implied claim : these are prohibited when they wrongly imply that a food contains or does not contain a meaninful level of a nutrient

Instructor >>a food has 850 milligrams of sodium and the DV for sodium is 2400 milligrams. What is the percent daily value for sodium in a serving of this food

Owl >>35 %

Winnie >>35

Winnie >>beat me to it...

Instructor >>good...how did you get this answer

Winnie >>divide the consumed amount by the recommended

Instructor >>good...or we can say that 850/2400 = x/100 and cross multiply

Instructor >>IF a food has 45% of the Daily value for saturated fat, how much saturated fat is in one serving of the food.

Owl >>9

Owl >>grams

Instructor >>what do the rest of you say??

Instructor >>(remember that we do not need to do any conversions from grams to kcalories....everything in the labeling math is in weight amounts)

Winnie >>well, 9 is the amount of kcal in fat....

Instructor >>good.....but we don't need to know that for this problem.....we just need to know what 45% of 20 grams is since this food as 45% of the DV for sat. fat ...which is 20 g

Instructor >>what is 50% of 20 grams...

Kanga >>10 grams?

Instructor >>yes.....50% of $20.00 is $10.00...right

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Instructor >>so we know that the number we are looking for is slightly less than 10 grams

Instructor >>so how did Owl come up with 9 grams...someone other than Owl tell me

Owl >>:(

Winnie >>.45 * 20

Kanga >>she took 45% of 20

Winnie >>or 0.45 (times) 20

Winnie >>which does equal 9

Darby >>so what are we doing right now?

Instructor >>right....good.....she just multiplied 20 grams by .45

Instructor >>we are revewing labeling math

Darby >>ok..thanks.

Instructor >>Okay.......what are some things that the meditterranean pyramid has in common with the Harvard pyramid

Instructor >>(if anyone iswatching the Redskins game..you must tell me if they score)

Darby >>mediterranean is not specify whole grains use olive oil.?

Instructor >>I know you young folks can really multitask

Owl >>Whole grains & plant oils are important

Instructor >>whole grain and plant oils are important in which one?

Darby >>harvard use plant oils.

Instructor >>Yes....and med highlights just one plant oil....which is olive

Instructor >>and as Darby points out....med doesn't specifically focus on whole grains

Instructor >>what are some similarities

Kanga >>I will, even though I am a cowboys fan

Instructor >>how about fruits and veggies.....

Owl >>both on same level of importance in pyramid

Instructor >>good.....and tell me how they approach red meat?

Tigger >>red meat is at tip of pyramid in the mediterranen pyramid

Owl >>red meat should eaten only on occasion

Instructor >>good...how about the Harvard

Rabbit >>should we need to know both pyramids for the test wed?

Instructor >>all three....

Rabbit >>oh, theres three..oops.

Rabbit >>canada has one as well, right?

Darby >>USDA?

Rabbit >>oops.

Owl >>canada has the rainbow

Instructor >>you should be able to compare and contrast them and you should know the recommendations for the USDA one...

Darby >>USDA has levels in vertical lines.

Instructor >>what does the USDA pyramid say for grains....how much should be whole grain?

Owl >>50%?

Instructor >>You don't need to know Canada;s

Instructor >>right....what does it recommend regarding dairy

Instructor >>According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, what do we need to be careful about consuming too much of?

Owl >>dairy intake should be low fat or fat free

Darby >>fat?

Rabbit >>fiber?

Instructor >>good....

Rabbit >>haha

Instructor >>good...so dairy should be low fat

Rabbit >>oh. or nutrients in general..?

Rabbit >>hm

Instructor >>we need to consume fat sensibly....what else

Instructor >>we need to get enough fiber....

Owl >>should be healthy fats NOT bad saturated fats

Instructor >>you all can guess this....what nutrients or foods do we need to be a bit careful about

Winnie >>high fat, high calorie foods....

Owl >>sugar, sodium, empty calories

Instructor >>good...be careful about total fat, saturated fat, ________, __________, _________, ________

Kanga >>sodium

Owl >>trans fat

Instructor >>good...sugar, sodium, alcohol, trans fat, cholesterol.

Owl >>alcohol

Instructor >>Okay......you want to prove that calcium reduces colon polyps.,.....so you interview 100,000 people and then follow them for years and then see if the calcium they ate is correlated to the number of polyps they get. What type of study? Whats wrong with using this study to prove that hypothesis?

Winnie >>the study is lacking a control...

Instructor >>what type of study??

Owl >>cohort: too specific though should include several diseases. Might have an easier time doing cross sectional

Winnie >>its a cohort

Instructor >>okay...so its a cohort. It is lacking a control because it is an observational study.....

Instructor >>what type of study do you need to prove the hyppthesis I stated?

Owl >>case control?

Winnie >>i agree with case control...

Tigger >>sounds like case control fits

Instructor >>Only one type of study can control for all other variables so that you can be certain that the variable in question is directly impacting the outcome

Winnie >>human intervention study?

Instructor >>case control does not do this

Instructor >>good...a well controlled intervention study.

Instructor >>Only intervention studies can truly get at cause and effect...in other words that one thing directly affects another thing

Owl >>makes sense

Instructor >>case control approaches this but when you match people with breast cancer to controls without breast cancer.....its impossible to uncover every possible difference between the two groups.....so you can't be certain that differences actually cause the condition

Instructor >>again....people wearing pantihose are far more likely to get pregnant.....so do pantihose cause pregnancy?? How could we find out?

Rabbit >>no. we could find out..through intervention study

Rabbit >>it could be an epidemiologic claim, right? like, a myth...a rumor.. but theres no sure proof to back it up

Instructor >>right....if we matched pregnant women with non-pregnant women....would we likely see a difference in pantihose wearing (at least prior to pregnancy)?

Instructor >>so case-control wouldn't work here.

Instructor >>why is it that people wearing pantihose are more likely to get pregnant?

Winnie >>because they're female....

Instructor >>right!

Rabbit >>right ; )

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Instructor >>we could find out that pantihose were not causing pregnancy with an intervention study....we would just discover that when you held everything else constant and had some women wear pantihose and some not...it did not affect pregnancy rates

Instructor >>Okay.....we've reviewed quite a bit here.....any questions before we quit for tonight. Please let me know who your professor is before signing off so I can send them a note that you were here.

Instructor >>Was this helpful

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Rabbit >>hmm.. let me check

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Owl >>Yes

Winnie >>dr. deirdra chester

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Winnie >>thanks for the help!

Rabbit >>my prof

Kanga >>mine is Deirdra Chester

Rabbit >>is 2007FA: BIO 135, 891 meena somanchi

Kanga >>thanks!

Instructor >> I made a note of students who are on chat

Rabbit >>thanks for the chat! learn a lot

Christopher Robin Brady>>mine is meena somanchi

Piglet >>dr chester

Winnie >>one thing...

Rabbit >>i hope the test isn't this detailed!! hehe

Instructor >>Good Dr. Somanchi.....I'll let Dr. Chester know who was here

Winnie >>where can I find the mediterranean pyramind??

Instructor >>It is...the test is quite detailed

Instructor >>there should be a link in the online lecture...is it not there?

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Instructor >>there is a link for the med pyramid

Darby >>oh.

Darby >>me.

Winnie >>oh, I looked in the book for the food pyramids...there's only the korean, america and canadian

Instructor >>I encourage all to focus on the online lecture more than the book

Winnie >>good note

Winnie >>thanks

Darby >>my computer is so slow..

Instructor >>the book is just back up and filler....the online lecture contains the key information.

Rabbit >>ok.

Darby >>just let you know.. my professor is amy allen chabot.

Rabbit >>i'll keep this in md

Rabbit >>mind

Rabbit >>thanks prof!

Darby >>online class.. taking.

Rabbit >>i have prof. meena somanchi. g'nite all

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Instructor >>Good Darby...I recognize you and Owl

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Instructor >>Good nite and good luck

Piglet >>nite all

Darby >>thanks..

Instructor >>good night...thanks for coming...transcripts will be posted with just first names

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Owl >>goodnight :) thanks for study help

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Session in ANPH0002007FA_Room3 ended (all participants have left).

Time: Mon Sep 17 21:02:39 2007