Fatimah >>i'm a newbie...does this really help?

Barbara >>It helps you to study a whole lot

Tiffany >>it was hard for me last chat but they were giving out good study information

Fatimah >>ok cool...thanks

Instructor >>Hi folks....looks like a familiar group to some extent. I'm Dr. Amy Allen-Chabot, the nutrition program coordinator and chat host. How are you all this evening.

Tiffany >>hello

Tiffany >>good and urself

Kristin >>hi, good, how are you?

Whitney >>hi

Tracey >>hello! fine, thanks!

Instructor >>I'm good...

Whitney >>good, you?

Instructor >>Any questions from you all this evening

Barbara >>not yet

Instructor >>I got a private message asking about chat transcripts.....there is a link to the transcripts on the content page under module 3

Tracey >>i was just wondering about the format of the exam: # of questions, mult choice, etc?

Instructor >>Depends on which class you are in......if you are taking the course online from Dr. Allen-Chabot, Chester or Somanchi, the test is all multiple choice..50 questions in 50 minutes.....that is 60 seconds or so a question so you need to know the info well and you won't have time for notes or the book. The lecture class for Amy Allen-Chabot has short answer and fill in the blank and has 1 hour and 15 minutes....not sure about exams for Prof. Hager, Israel, Hartnett or Stott.

Instructor >>Okay....I'll throw out questions...what general topics would you like to cover?

Fatimah >>digestion

Instructor >>okay...what else

Barbara >>vocabulary

Tracey >>how about the macronutrient calculations

Whitney >>the DV calculations

Instructor >>okay....for vocabulary you don't need to know an exact definition...just have a notion of the meaning so you could sue the word in a sentence or describe the meaning in your own words.

Instructor >>Okay.....lets see.,....what route does the food take when you eat it.?

Instructor >>mouth ---> esophagus---> etc

Tracey >>would that be an example of a question that we would see on the exam?

Melissa >>stomach small intestine large intestine

Kristin >>mouth-esophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine-rectum

Barbara >>What about therapeutic procedures, pathology and diagnostic procedures

Fatimah >>mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

Instructor >>sure...anything on the self assessment question page or in the tutorials is fair game...and anything covered in the lectures

Instructor >>good Fatimah....that’s right....not sure what you are asking Barbara.....those things won't be on the test that I can think of. I don't believe I ask anything like that on the self assessment

Tracey >>so if we are comfortable answering the self assessments and tutorials, then we should be prepared for the exam?

Instructor >>you bet....

Fatimah >>is there going to be an equal amount of questions from all the chapters that we've covered so far?

Instructor >>what is the role of the pancreas in digestion

Tracey >>good to hear!

Tiffany >>

Instructor >>the questions are fairly well split between modules one, two and three

Tiffany >>does the nutrition study guide that came with the book help for the exams?

Melissa >>secretes enzymes

Tracey >>introduces bicarbonate into sm intestine to neutralize the chyme?

Fatimah >>the pancreas secretes substances into the GI tract

Fatimah >>*tract

Kristin >>pancreas breaks down fat- pancreatic enzymes lipase and amylase

Melissa >>releases hormones

Instructor >>(in answering test questions...I can speak for myself, Dr. Chester and Dr. Somanchi. I don't know what the tests are like for the other professors)

Instructor >>good...so secretes enzymes for digesting macronutrients and also secretes bicarbonate to bring the pH of the chime up to a more normal (less acidic) level

Barbara >>The pancreas produces digestive enzymes, hormones, and insulin.

Instructor >>the pancreas does release hormones as well.....but mostly that has to do with blood sugar regulation. Insulin is a hormone

Instructor >>If you were taking the class online from Dr. Allen-Chabot, Dr. Somanchi or Dr. Chester, I would not rely too much on the textbook study guide....can't speak for the other professors

Tiffany >>ok

Instructor >>okay....what is the name of the sphincter that separates the stomach from the small intestines

Fatimah >>pyloric?

Kristin >>pyloric

Melissa >>pyloric

Instructor >>right....good.

Instructor >>what are the three segments of the small intestines?

Fatimah >>duodenum, jejunum, and Ileum

Melissa >>duodenum jujuem ileum

Tracey >>pyloric

Instructor >>good...a bit of spelling / typing help needed but you are there....

Tracey >>duodenum, jejunum and ileum

Instructor >>there we go!

Instructor >>okay....where are most of the nutrients absorbed?

Melissa >>sm intestine

Kristin >>small intestine

Tracey >>small intestine esp jejunum and ileum

Instructor >>good.

Instructor >>What organelle in the cell is responsible for energy production

Kristin >>mitochondria

Tracey >>mitochondria

Melissa >>mitochondria

Instructor >>good....what does peristalsis mean?

Fatimah >>mitochondria

Melissa >>wake like motions

Instructor >>of what

Fatimah >>pushing of food by muscle contraction

Instructor >>good......

Tracey >>rhythmic muscle contractions along gi tract to propel the food down the tract

Instructor >>what is the difference between passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Fatimah >>passive-cross freely

Kristin >>passive diffuses right across, facilitated needs help across

Fatimah >>facilitated-carrier needed

Tracey >>facilitated diffusion utilizes carrier molecules to bring substances across the cell membrane

Kristin >>like proteins in a membrane, that’s facilitated

Instructor >>good...where might we find villi and microvilli in the body and what is their purpose?

Melissa >>sm intestine

Fatimah >>in the small intestine

Fatimah >>it increases surface area for absorption

Tracey >>in the small intestine lining the lumen

Kristin >>increased surface area

Instructor >>very good......what is the general role of sphincters in the GI tract

Tracey >>they help increase the absorptive area

Melissa >>act as valves to control the flow of material

Tracey >>to regulate the flow of the chyme through the tract

Kristin >>allow the food to enter and exit, control what comes in and goes out

Fatimah >>prevents backflow from the duodenum to the stomach

Instructor >>good....which is more complex...tissues or organs?

Kristin >>organs

Tracey >>organs

Fatimah >>organs

Whitney >>organs

Instructor >>lets hear from some of you have not been responding....

Melissa >>tissues

Jennifer >>I can't type as fast

Jennifer >>lol

Instructor >>yea...we keep a lively pace here....

Steve >>yeah...

Instructor >>organs are made of tissues...so we say that tissues are less complex and tissues group together for form organs

Melissa >>oops

Instructor >>you have a label and it says a serving of product x has 19 grams of fat and 290 kcalories. What percent of the kcalories are coming from fat?

Instructor >>show the math

Steve >>19x9

Melissa >>59

*+**** Kristen-- entered ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:22:33 2007

Jennifer >>59

Steve >>171/290

Steve >>59%

Melissa >>19 g fat x 9kcal per g =171/290=.59 x100= 59%

Tracey >>59%

Instructor >>good...you can say 19 grams of fat * 9 kcals per gram = 171 kcals from fat. then divide the part by the whole to get the percent. 171 kcals from fat / 290 total kcals = .589 or 58%

Steve >>wouldn’t you want us to round?

Steve >>if its .589

Steve >>to 59?

Instructor >>make sense....anyone stuck here.....need to do two steps because one number is in kcals and one in grams

Melissa >>yeah do we round or not

Instructor >>sorry...yea...59%

Fatimah >>i just gotta remember the kcals per gram

Instructor >>okay.....your label says the product has 19 grams of fat....what is the percent daily value for fat for this product.

Tiffany >>same here

Steve >>fat 9kcal per gram and protein and carbs are 4

Fatimah >>thanks steve:)

Melissa >>29%

Jennifer >>29

Fatimah >>29%

Jennifer >>19?65

Jennifer >>/

Melissa >>19g/65

Instructor >>good......so 19 / 65 = x/100 (19 is to 65 as x is to 100 to get the percent) or just divide 19 by 65 (dividing the part in food by the whole amount allowed per day)

Instructor >>If a food has 45% of the DV for sodium, how many milligrams does it have. DV for sodium is 2400 milligrams

Jennifer >>1080

*+**** Marion-- entered ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:27:21 2007

Kristin >>1080 milligrams

Tracey >>1080

Kristine >>2400 * .45 = 1080

Steve >>i guess i should get a calculator

Whitney >>1080

Fatimah >>1080--->.45*2400

Instructor >>good....looks like you guys are on top of this....good to see.....

*+**** Edna-- entered ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:28:18 2007

Instructor >>Here is a tough one.....Jack eats 3100 kcals a day....what is the maximum amount of carbohydrate he should eat in grams

Kristen >>2015

*-**** Fatimah-- left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:28:56 2007

Kristen >>g

Tracey >>2015

Kristen >>no that's in kcal...

Instructor >>(hint..one number is in kcals and one is in grams)

Fatimah >>775g?

Jennifer >>503

Kristen >>8060g

Tiffany >>775g

Instructor >>Good...I've given you something challenging.

Fatimah >>is it 775?

Instructor >>lets see....first we need to know that the maximum recommended amount is 65% of kcals

Steve >>42.25

Tiffany >>4/3100=775?

Kristen >>I'm b/t 503 and 775

Steve >>42.25!!!

Jennifer >>2015/4??

Kristen >>how'd you get 42.25

Fatimah >>how did you get that steve?

Tracey >>could you show how you arrived at that #?

Instructor >>so that would be 3100 kcals * .65 = 2015 kcals from carbs. Then we need to convert 2015 kcals to grams so we divide by 4 kcals per gram ...so 2015 / 4 = 504 grams

Steve >>well 65% is the maximum number of carbs we should have and 65 grams of fat is whets recommended

Steve >>so multiply 65 by .65

Steve >>huh

Instructor >>no....that won't work....because the recommendation is 65% of kcals from carbs....we aren't talking about fats here.

Fatimah >>oh ok...got it

Steve >>oh never mind

Instructor >>Make sense....this isn't a labeling question.....we need to know the National Academy of Sciences recommendations to do this problem

Marion >>I am just now getting here, sorry I am late.

Instructor >>and we need to know the 4 kcals per gram for Carbs.

Instructor >>Does everyone see what I did above??

Kristin >>yep

Kristen >>yes, good problem

Tiffany >>yes

Jennifer >>i got it

Kristine >>yes

Tracey >>yes, just need to practice these more

Marion >>Yes.

Fatimah >>yes, i got it now

Instructor >>Lets try it again. Jodi consumes 2100 kcals, what is the minimum amount of fat she can have in one day in grams

Jennifer >>47

Kristen >>47g

Instructor >>(according to the National Academy of Sciences at least)

Kristin >>47g

Tiffany >>47

Instructor >>good....great....we have made good progress here.

Kristen >>2100* .20 = 420 / 9 = 47

Instructor >>any questions here.......

Fatimah >>47g

Marion >>Got if finally. 47g.

Instructor >>good....

Instructor >>what is anecdotal evidence?

Tiffany >>not for me i just need to study more or the kcals stuff

Tracey >>personal observation

Jennifer >>our own personal thoughts/observations

Marion >>anecdotal evidence is something personal we relate into a science

Instructor >>yea......like "my aunt eats that every day and she is 98 years old"

*+**** Kristin-- entered ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:37:28 2007

Instructor >>give me an example of an inverse correlation

Marion >>you got me....more to study

*-**** Kristin-- left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:37:54 2007

Kristin >>as one thing increases, the other decreases, right?

Tracey >>when a high fiber diet is consumed a lower incidence of colon cancer is observed?

Instructor >>good Tracey....or how about "as calcium intake goes up, blood pressures go down"

Jennifer >>something goes down, while something else increases

Instructor >>okay.....you take a group of folks with leukemia and match them by age, gender, ethnicity to a group without leukemia.....what type of study

Whitney >>case control?

Kristen >>i agree w/ case control

Fatimah >>case control

Tracey >>case control

Jennifer >> yeah

Instructor >>good...you want to find out if hot dogs cause leukemia......what type of study do you need.

Jennifer >>intervention

Marion >>Case control. You guys are to fast....

Jennifer >>I know, lol

Tracey >>human intervention / clinical trial

Kristen >>intervention

Fatimah >>human intervention study

Instructor >>okay...how would you do the study?

Marion >>human intervention

Fatimah >>have a group eat hotdogs and another not eat them and follow it over time?

Tracey >>select one group (experimental group) that is given hot dogs to eat and a control group that never eats hot dogs?

Kristin >>experimental and control group, administer hot dogs to experimental and not control, monitor it over a long period of time

Jennifer >>would you need a "placebo"??

Instructor >>hmmm....sounds good.....who wants to volunteer to eat hot dogs every day, knowing that they might cause cancer or have been associated with cancer in observational studies.....any volunteers??

Melissa >>no thanks

Kristen >>haha, yummm

Tiffany >>noooo

Fatimah >>i'll leave it

Instructor >>you can see the difficulty in doing intervention studies....its not always ethical

Marion >>what about animal intervention, I don't like it though...

Instructor >>What is wrong with this hypothesis "Eating healthy is associated with a longer life"

Jennifer >>may be"

Kristen >>too vague....

Jennifer >>not "is"

Marion >>it is a to vague

Melissa >>what is considered a longer life

Instructor >>could do animals for sure...but then it may not apply to humans...so every situation has limitations

Tracey >>it does not make a measurable prediction

Kristen >>you can't measure how long is"longer"

Melissa >>yeah cant measure it

Kristin >>not something you can really test

Instructor >>right...eating healthy is hard to define. I think you all have worked through the research tutorials...is that right?

Fatimah >>it is a health claim, nothing really proven

Kristen >>....as well as healthy eating is defined differently among different cultures

Tracey >>yes

Marion >>yes. it takes a long time, but is worth it

Instructor >>a hypothesis doesn't have to be true...its just a best guess....but it has to be specific enough to study.

Fatimah >>are you going to post this chat to be reviewed tonight?

Instructor >>The tutorials are definitely worth it.....you will see very similar questions on the test.

Jennifer >>the flash cards from mod 1 were helpful

Jennifer >>interactive flash cards

Instructor >>you bet.......I usually take out names but there are a lot and it will take me a few hours.....does anyone object if I just remove last names and leave first names in place.

Instructor >>good tip Jennifer.....thanks for letting me know

Marion >>no worries with me

Tracey >>that's fine

Instructor >>and the others

Fatimah >>not at all

Steve >>i don’t really care to b honest

Kristine >>no

Tiffany >>no its fine

Kristen >>that’s fine

Fatimah >>this is really helpful!

Whitney >>its okay

Jennifer >>great

Instructor >>good......

Melissa >>don’t care

Instructor >>you can let me know privately if you want me to take your name completely out.

Instructor >>Okay.....which is more precise....the AI or the RDA

Tracey >>RDA

Tiffany >>RDA

Whitney >>RDA

Kristine >>RDA

Jennifer >>yea

Kristen >>agreed

Instructor >>right.....is the RDA likely to be higher, equal to or lower than the EAR

Tracey >>higher

Whitney >>higher?

Kristen >>higher

Fatimah >>higher

Marion >>Higher

Jennifer >>im not sure

Instructor >>higher is right...the RDA is two standard deviations above the EAR....or we could just say its designed to cover 98% of the populations needs rather than just 50%

Jennifer >>oh okay

Instructor >>Except for what item where the EAR is the same as the RDA

Tracey >>except for the macronutrients, right?

Instructor >>not the macronutrients but you are close

Tracey >>fats?

Instructor >>the guidelines for the macronutrients are based on kcals

Kristen >>micronutrients

Marion >>micronutrients?

Tiffany >>micronutrients

Instructor >>not nutrients but __________________

Instructor >>this is something that if you ate too much, it would be bad....even if it were just a little too much

Tiffany >>microminerals?

Tracey >>minerals?

Steve >>vitamins

Instructor >>over time if you ate even a little too much, you would gain too much body fat

Kristen >>calories...

Jennifer >>calories

Melissa >>ul

Instructor >>yea......right....kcals.....the RDA for kcalories is equal to the EAR....

Instructor >>but the RDA for nutrients 9vitamins, minerals) is significantly higher than the EAR.

Instructor >>a little more vitamin A than you need would not hurt you so they set it high enough to cover everyone......but a little too many kcals would add up over time....

Instructor >>make sense

Jennifer >>yes

Kristen >>yep

Marion >>yes

Fatimah >>yes

Instructor >>I will make a statement and you tell me what pyramid it applies to.

Instructor >>refined carbohydrates at the top!

Jennifer >>Harvard

Marion >>Harvard

Fatimah >>Harvard

Tracey >>Harvard

Instructor >>good.......olive oil has a separate category

Kristen >>Mediterranean

Jennifer >>Mediterranean

Fatimah >>Mediterranean

Marion >>Mediterranean

Whitney >>Mediterranean?

Tracey >>Mediterranean

Instructor >>good......the narrative says you should have half your grains as whole grains

Jennifer >>mypyramid

Melissa >>mypramid

Kristen >>mypyramid

Marion >>USDA Pyramid

Instructor >>good....legumes and nuts are in a separate category

Fatimah >>usda

Tracey >>my pyramid

Fatimah >>Harvard

Jennifer >>Harvard

Instructor >>and......

Tracey >>Mediterranean?

Jennifer >>med

Fatimah >>Mediterranean

Marion >>Mediterranean

Instructor >>good...so nuts and legumes have separate categories in the Harvard and the Mediterranean

Instructor >>You can sort of see that the Harvard pyramid is influenced by the dietary patterns of the folks along the coastal areas of the Med

*-**** Whitney-- left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:55:34 2007

Instructor >>If a product states that it contains Oats and oats can help lower blood cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease......what type of claim would that be.

Fatimah >>health

Edna >>health

Jennifer >>health

Melissa >>health

Kristine >>health

Instructor >>right.....good.......

Marion >>a health

Instructor >>Okay......you guys did great.....this is always fun and I think helpful to many. Any questions from you all before we call it a night?

Kristen >>no, thanks for the help!

Tracey >>no, but this has been very helpful! thanks!

Marion >>no. but I’ll have to type much faster next time

Fatimah >>so you said i could find the Monday’s chat where again?

Tiffany >>no thanks

Jennifer >>I think the self-assessments are great , thanks!!

Jennifer >>me too Marion!!

Kristine >>no, but thank you

Instructor >>chat transcripts can be found by going to the content page of the webct platform and then looking under "module 3" ...its the last link under the self assessment activities.

Marion >>thanks.

Fatimah >>thanks so much...this has been VERY helpful!!!

Instructor >>good then.....good luck to all of you on exam one....

Fatimah >>thanks for your help

Tiffany >>thank you

Marion >>Good night.

*-**** Edna-- left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:59:00 2007

Fatimah >>good night everyone!

Tiffany >>nite all

*-**** Marion-- left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:59:09 2007

Kristine >>good night

Instructor >>good night all

*-**** Kristine-- left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:59:13 2007

Tracey >>good night!

Jennifer >>thanks, night!

*-**** Tracey-- left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:59:28 2007

*-**** Jennifer-- left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:59:28 2007

*-**** Instructor-- left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:59:38 2007

*-**** Kristen-- left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:59:40 2007

*-**** Tiffany-- left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:59:42 2007

*-**** Steve-- left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 20:59:46 2007

*-**** Fatimah-- left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 21:00:04 2007

*+**** Tiffany--King entered ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 21:00:56 2007

*-**** Tiffany--King left ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 21:01:01 2007

*+**** Tiffany--King entered ANPH0002007FA_Room3. Time:Wed Sep 19 21:01:05 2007

Tiffany King>>Hello