Chatting with the folks from Hogwarts
Instructor >>Hi folks...how is everyone?
Argus >>hi
Professor McGonagall >>hi..
Harry >>stressing, how are you?
Ron >>Hi, this is my first time of making it
Argus >>great!
Professor McGonagall >>stressing...finals.~~
Instructor >>I am Amy Allen-Chabot...your chat leader for all Principles of Nutrition classes
Instructor >>Glad you made it Ron.......
Ron >>thanks, I’m usually at work at this time
Instructor >>okay.......any questions before we get started
Argus >>I have one
Argus >>what is lactoferrin
Instructor >>its the form of iron that we find in breast milk....more absorbable than the form in formula
Argus >>great - thanks!
Instructor >>okay........well...lets just go through a bunch of questions in random order....like the test....unless someone has a topic they want me to focus on
Harry >>I wanted to ask where iron is stored in the body besides the liver
Harry >>And are there any other gene regulating vitamins besides vitamin D?
Instructor >>the intestinal tract cell stores iron .....and if the body doesn't need it, it sloughs off along with the cell into the GI tract once the cell dies
Instructor >>there are other gene regulating vitamins..and minerals! For example, vitamin A turns on genes for proteins that support the immune system.
Harry >>There's minerals too?
Instructor >>there are many examples with minerals as well....you could take a whole course in it.....and we probably haven't even discovered most examples
Harry >>Oh, OK
Instructor >>okay...what are the three telltale signs of pre-eclampsia
Argus >>hypertension, edema and proteinuria
Harry >>Edema, high blood pressure
Professor McGonagall >>hypertension, edema, proteinuria
Harry >>peeing out protein
Instructor >>good....where might we find an osteoblast
Harry >>Bone
Argus >>in the bone
Professor McGonagall >>bone
Instructor >>good....how does an antioxidant stop free radical damage
Argus >>gives carbon
Harry >>Easily gives up an electron without becoming a free radical itself
Professor McGonagall >>gives up an electron
Argus >>oops, electron!
Instructor >>good...so it doesn't give up a whole carbon...it just donates an electron to a free radical without becoming unstable. A free radical is usually oxygen with a missing electron.
Instructor >>a blood pressure of 110 / 70 would be considered ______________
Harry >>Good
Professor McGonagall >>good
Ron >>normal
Professor McGonagall >>normal is 120/80..right/
Professor McGonagall >>?
Argus >>low/good
Harry >>Does iron normally act as a free radical or does that usually only occur in high doses?
Instructor >>it would be considered good......its not too low until its causing you problems...like you get dizzy when you stand up. Why might blood pressure drop too low....don't think I talk about this in the online lecture.
Instructor >>when in a pregnancy might a neural tube defect occur
Argus >>medication?
Ron >>lack of folate
Instructor >>possibly....yes
Professor McGonagall >>low folate
Instructor >>doubtful that lack of folate would cause it
Argus >>lack of folate during early pregnancy
Instructor >>lack of folate would could be a causal factor in the neural tube defect but not in the low blood pressure....guess I better stick to one question at a time :-)
Instructor >>so....low blood pressure...may be caused by medication or maybe internal bleeding......
Instructor >>When in the pregnancy would the neural tube defect occur....early,? middle? late?
Argus >>early
Ron >>early
Professor McGonagall >>early
Instructor >>yes.......what would we call the developing life when a neural tube defect might form?
Argus >>embryo
Harry >>Embryo
Instructor >>good......
Professor McGonagall >>embryo
Instructor >>what three minerals can reduce the risk of hypertension if you consume them in appropriate amounts
Harry >>Calcium, Magnesium
Argus >>potassium, calcium, magnesium?
Harry >>Potassium
Instructor >>good
Instructor >>what does a coenzyme do?
Harry >>Turns on enzymes
Argus >>helps to activate an enzyme
Professor McGonagall >>=help to activate an enzyme
Instructor >>
Harry >>By subtly changing their shape in order to make them more efficient
Instructor >>good....compare and contrast anencephaly and spina bifida. Similarities? differences?
Harry >>Both are neural tube defects
Argus >>both neural tube defects
Instructor >>good
Argus >>missing all or part of brain - anencephaly
Professor McGonagall >>spina bifida is on spinal but the anencephaly is on brain.
Harry >>Spina bifida occurs on the back and can cause problems with the spinal cord including paralysis
Instructor >>good...
Harry >>Anencephaly is when only the brain stem forms and is fatal in all cases
Argus >>spina bifida is bulging of spinal cord out of spinal column
Instructor >>good....be sure to say what is true about both when comparing....i.e. anencephaly is always fatal but spina bifida is only fatal sometimes
Ron >>both a neural tube defect, I believe
Harry >>I can't remember the other nutritional anemia besides micro and macrocytic... I know there's another one that begins with a P I think
Instructor >>anencephaly involves a lack of brain formation but spina bifida is a lack of closure of the neural tube at the base of the spine
Instructor >>you are thinking of pernicious anemia
Instructor >>it is a lack of vitamin B-12 due to lack of ability to absorb
Instructor >>okay...good
Harry >>Thanks
Instructor >>what accounts for the weight gain we have during a pregnancy?
Harry >>Baby's weight, plus increase in blood volume
Argus >>app 50% fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid
Ron >>fetal weight, amnioc sac and placenta, blood volume increase?
Argus >>other 50% mother's blood volume and tissue increases
Ron >>fetus weight, sorry
Instructor >>good.....so fetus at birth is about 7 pounds...but weight gain is 25-35 pounds....
Instructor >>other weight includes placenta, amniotic fluid, increased blood volume, increased breast size, increased fat stores, amniotic fluid, etc
Professor McGonagall >>ok....
Instructor >>what is considered a low birth weight baby?
Harry >>Under 5lbs
Argus >>under 5.5 lbs?
Ron >>below 5.5
Professor McGonagall >><5.5lbs
Instructor >>5.5 is correct
Instructor >>what can cause a child to be below 5.5 pounds at birth?
Argus >>smoking
Instructor >>yep
Instructor >>what else
Harry >>Lack of nutrition, premature birth
Argus >>premature
Ron >>drugs by mom
Instructor >>good..lack of appropriate weight gain by mom., drugs, prematurity (born too soon)
Instructor >>the B vitamins work as part of coenzymes in what type of reactions?
Hermoine >>chemical
Argus >>energy metabolism
Harry >>Breaking down macronutrients
Professor McGonagall >>cofactor.. ?
Instructor >>cofactors are like coenzymes but with minerals attached
Professor McGonagall >>ok..
Hermoine >>releasing energy
Instructor >>good...so the answer is metabolism or the chemical reactions that involve breaking down macronutrients for energy
Instructor >>Glad you could join us Hermoine
Hermoine >>pleasure
Instructor >>what are some examples of exogenous causes of free radical production
Harry >>Out of body, right?
Professor McGonagall >>right.
Professor McGonagall >>not endo
Instructor >>right...out of body
Harry >>Smoking, UV rays, Radioactivity
Argus >>pollution
Professor McGonagall >>smoking. pollution
Instructor >>good....very good
Instructor >>what does malignant mean?
Harry >>It will spread
Ron >>cancerous
Argus >>cancerous
Professor McGonagall >>cancerous..
Hermoine >>spreading
Harry >>Rather, the tumor will grow and spread
Instructor >>right ...a tumor or cancerous group of cells that has or will spread
Instructor >>what organs are involved in blood calcium regulation?
Harry >>Bones, Kidney, GI Tract
Argus >>kidney
Ron >>kidney
Professor McGonagall >>kidney
Hermoine >>yeah kidney
Hermoine >>intestine too
Instructor >>good...so bones, kidneys, GI tract...
Instructor >>what hormones trigger an increase in blood calcium when it is low?
Hermoine >>bones are organs
Hermoine >>?
Hermoine >>learn something new everyday
Argus >>calcitriol and PTH
Harry >>Parathyroid
Professor McGonagall >>calcitonin
Instructor >>well...they are groups of tissues that perform a function so I guess so......I'll ask the physiology folks
Instructor >>what is calcitriol?
Argus >>vit d
Hermoine >>vit d
Instructor >>right...so vitamin D (calcitriol) and parathyroid hormone will increase blood calcium.....how?
Harry >>Vitamin D activates Calbindin
Harry >>Rather
Argus >>increase absorption of cal in gi tract
Argus >>decrease excretion by kidneys
Harry >>It activates the gene to make calbindin
Harry >>Which grabs calcium in the GI tract and pulls it across the cell barrier
Instructor >>good so 1) increased absorption of calcium via vit D triggering production of calbindin
Argus >>increase osteoclast activity
Instructor >>good...2) increased osteoclast activity sending calcium into blood
Ron >>depending on the body's need it would either encourage absorption or excretion by the kidney
Instructor >>good and would decrease excretion if blood calcium was low and needed to be increased
Instructor >>and the hormone that is excreted when blood calcium is high??
Hermoine >>calcitonin
Argus >>calcitonin
Professor McGonagall >>calcitonin
Harry >>So many cal words
Instructor >>very good. lots of "c" words
Instructor >>you read my mind :-)
Harry >>Great minds
Instructor >>what is the concern with gestational diabetes?
Ron >>large fetus
Argus >>large babies
Harry >>Baby will have no problem absorbing the sugar that mom is having difficulty
Hermoine >>yeah
Harry >>with, and will gain weight rapidly
Professor McGonagall >>larger baby
Instructor >>yes...can end up having a larger baby with associated risks at delivery, etc.
Instructor >>what about the mom's risk of diabetes later in life?
Harry >>Increased risk
Ron >>increased
Argus >>risk of type II goes up
Hermoine >>most have a greater risk of developing it
Instructor >>good...what might you do to help avoid listeriosis during pregnancy
Argus >>wash salad greens
Harry >>Worried about my cousin. 3 weeks overdue with gestational diabetes. Afraid she's gonna give birth to the biggest baby on record.
Instructor >>why don't they induce delivery??
Hermoine >>wash foods
Instructor >>good...so wash salad greens and produce well
Harry >>They keep putting off the date
Instructor >>what else
Harry >>Doctor is a ninny
Argus >>heat deli meats to steaming
Harry >>Pushed her back to this Friday
Harry >>For the second time
Harry >>Was supposed to be last Friday
Instructor >>good.....heat deli meats to kill listeria
Harry >>And was supposed to be in November before that.
Hermoine >>wash slicers
Argus >>only eat pasteurized cheese and dairy
Hermoine >>yep
Instructor >>good ...
Instructor >>why do pregnant women need so much iron?
Harry >>Making blood for baby and more blood for mom too
Ron >>baby's blood formation
Argus >>their blood volume increases 50%
Harry >>Also making iron stores for the baby
Argus >>baby needs 3 to 6 mos supply
Instructor >>good...so blood for baby, blood for mom and iron stores for baby
Hermoine >>hemoglobin and oxygen
Hermoine >>pumping more blood
Instructor >>what are some of the advantages of breastfeeding? Everyone try o name one
Hermoine >>save money
Argus >>bonding btwn baby and mom
Harry >>The first day or two has nutrients only on breastmilk that helps baby's immune system
Harry >>in*
Harry >>Iron in breastmilk is more absorbable by baby
Hermoine >>colostrum yum
Ron >>easier to absorb by baby
Argus >>lactabumin
Instructor >>:-)....in class I show an ad for cow colostrum which you can buy and eat....as pills or even snack bars....arg
Instructor >>good.......
Instructor >>what are some foods you should not introduce in the first year?
Hermoine >>too each their own
Ron >>egg
Argus >>honey
Professor McGonagall >>honey
Hermoine >>isn't colostrum in the milk we drink?
Instructor >>good...and be careful about choke foods.....and probably want to hold off on shellfish and peanut butter .....but ask the pediatrician....
Argus >>cow's milk should not be given the first year
Instructor >>there might be colostrum....I don't know if they milk the cow for human use right after a calf is born or not...I know they often remove the calf quickly in many cases.
Instructor >>RIGHT....no cows milk in the first year unless its been modified for infants as in formula
Hermoine >>why
Hermoine >>allergies?
Instructor >>the casein protein is hard for infants to digest and it can cause GI tract bleeding
Hermoine >>ooh okay
Instructor >>how might free radical damage increase the risk of cardiovascular disease
Instructor >>(theory)
Harry >>Damaging the arterial lining
Harry >>Allowing cholesterol to deposit there more easily
Instructor >>that's possible...but not what I was thinking of......
Argus >>plaque formation
Ron >>acid base imbalance?
Professor McGonagall >>plaque formation..
Instructor >>it causes oxidation of the _______ thus causing it to lay down cholesterol in the artery wall more readily
Hermoine >>most bad food produces free radicals ----high in fat
Argus >>the oxidation of the LDL
Harry >>LDL
Instructor >>right....
Harry >>I misinterpreted that section
Hermoine >>will that be on the test
Instructor >>could be.....
Harry >>I thought it was saying it damaged cell membranes, therefore causing rough spots that LDL will deposit on
Instructor >>its thought that the free radicals can oxidize the components of the LDL cholesterol transport protein and this increases its likelihood of depositing the cholesterol in the artery wall.....but this isn't certain
Instructor >>that may also be the case....it certainly makes sense....
Harry >>So there's suggestion that an oxidized LDL wants to lay down cholesterol more than a normal one?
Instructor >>free radical damage to what compound may lead to cancer?
Harry >>DNA
Argus >>dna
Ron >>DNA
Instructor >>right....good
Instructor >>a lack of iron might lead to this type of anemia??
Ron >>pernicious
Hermoine >>micro
Professor McGonagall >>microcytic anemia..
Argus >>microcytic
Instructor >>nope....that would be lack of B-12
Instructor >>good...microcytic
Instructor >>a deficiency of B-12 can lead to macrocytic anemia and ultimately ____________
Harry >>death
Argus >>nerve damage
Hermoine >>nerve damage
Harry >>Nerve damage
Instructor >>definitely ...but nerve damage first...then death :-)
Instructor >>I am going to name something and you tell me if it increases or decreases your risk of osteoporosis...
Instructor >>increasing age
Hermoine >>increases
Harry >>increases
Ron >>increases
Professor McGonagall >>increase
Argus >>goes up
Instructor >>being male
Harry >>decreases
Professor McGonagall >>decrease
Argus >>down
Ron >>decreases
Hermoine >>down
Instructor >>obesity
Harry >>decreases
Argus >>down
Professor McGonagall >>increase
Ron >>increases
Hermoine >>down
Instructor >>obesity will lower risk because the carrying around of the excess weight promotes increased bone density
Instructor >>nice to know there is one benefit of obesity!
Instructor >>early menopause
Harry >>increases
Hermoine >>up
Argus >>up'
Professor McGonagall >>increase
Ron >>increases
Professor McGonagall >>up
Instructor >>lack of sun exposure
Hermoine >>up
Professor McGonagall >>p
Harry >>increases
Argus >>up
Ron >>increases
Instructor >>yep....unlikely that someone will get all the vitamin D they need from diet.
Instructor >>why are the elderly at particular risk for vitamin D deficiency
Harry >>Don't get as much sun, don't absorb as much nutrients
Argus >>ability to make vit d declines with age
Ron >>frail
Instructor >>good...don't absorb nutrient as well...don't get out into sun as much...don't make as much vitamin D as they could when they are in the sun and can be lactose intolerant so they may not be getting as much from diet.
Hermoine >>absorption
Instructor >>what does DASH stand for?
Ron >>still thinking of osteoporosis
Harry >>Dietary Action to Stop Hypertension
Argus >>dietary applications for stopping hypertension
Hermoine >>yep
Harry >>Maybe
Instructor >>dietary approaches to stop hypertension.....but close enough
Harry >>Oops :x
Professor McGonagall >>Dietary approach to stop hypertension
Instructor >>what is this diet like>
Harry >>High calcium, high fruits and veggies, lower meat
Argus >>high in fruits and veggies
Argus >>low in fat
Professor McGonagall >>require high vegetables, and fruits
Ron >>more fruits and vegetables, less meat
Hermoine >>high fiber low fat
Argus >>emphasis on potassium
Instructor >>good...high fruits, high veggies, low fat dairy, less meat, whole grains, etc.
Instructor >>okay...one more...what are some risk factors for hypertension
Argus >>age
Ron >>obesity
Argus >>heredity
Hermoine >>African American
Ron >>DM
Hermoine >>high blood pressure
Harry >>Obesity, age, stress, high cholesterol diet, genetics
Argus >>hi sodium diet
Instructor >>good..and diets low in potassium, calcium, magnesium.
Instructor >>good....so remember to check the dates for the final if you are an online student....in my classes, the last day is Tuesday......not sure about Dr. Chester or Dr. SOmanchi...but it's probably similar.
Instructor >>for my lecture class...its 2:45 Tuesday.
Instructor >>any other questions
Argus >>yes, its Tuesday
Harry >>I had one but I need to refer to my notes
Harry >>Can I have a second?
Instructor >>sure
Harry >>Oh yeah
Harry >>In the review online you ask
Harry >>Which two micronutrients are important for blood clotting? What is their role in this process?
Instructor >>yes...which two nutrients am I thinking about
Harry >>I know it's calcium and Vit K
Harry >>But I'm not sure how to approach the second part of that question
Hermoine >>what are some of the benefits of the nutrition and fitness letter of recognition?
Instructor >>good...and their role is in that they are needed for the cascade of chemical reactions that take place leading to a fibrin clot.
Harry >>So I don't really need to specify what exactly they do?
Harry >>Is it enough to say "Both of these nutrients are required in the cascade of reactions
Harry >>that occur when your blood needs to clot"
Instructor >>the letter of recognition could be used as a resume builder for folks that want to work in the field of fitness and nutrition. Feel free to talk to me after class if you are interested
Instructor >>yes ....that’s fine...no need to be specific there
Harry >>OK.
Harry >>And to double check
Hermoine >>ok thanks been a good class
Harry >>You might not show deficiency signs of those because your intestines make K and your blood calcium will trump your bone calcium?
Argus >>thank you, I have really enjoyed these chats!
Professor McGonagall >>wow..need to study a lot.. some forgot..
Instructor >>well....you probably don't make enough vitamin K from bacteria and might definitely show blood clotting issues if you didn't eat any
Instructor >>the calcium will always be normal in the blood since the body will pull from bone if all else fails
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Harry >>Oh, OK
Instructor >>so you would never have a blood clotting issue related to lack of calcium in the blood
Harry >>I see
Harry >>Thank you very much
Instructor >>thanks for attending Argus....I feel like I know you all...even those of you that are not in my classes...
Harry >>:3 I loved this class
Argus >>me, too!
Instructor >>great to hear......thanks for participating....
Ron >>I really enjoyed it
Argus >>happy holidays to everyone
Instructor >>good luck studying and be sure to eat a little carbohydrate before the test
Instructor >>:-)...can't hurt
Harry >>Haha, OK. See you on Tuesday; you really taught me so much. Good night
Professor McGonagall >>like that much difficult?
Professor McGonagall >>ha... just kidding..
Instructor >>good night......
Professor McGonagall >>anyway..thanks for the chat...
Argus >>Good night
Ron >>good night!
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Session in ANPH0002007FA_Room3 ended (all participants have left).
Time: Sun Dec 9 21:02:47 2007
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