Reactions to Western Contact and Modernization

Reactions to Western Contact and Modernization

Stimulus	Form	Reaction	Islamic Variants
			Revolutionary	Traditionalist	Modernist	Secularists
Western contact	Formal governmental control	Anti-imperialist nationalism, Anti-democratic Pro-Islamic Cultural and political fusion	Strong Pan-Islamic or Islamic Republic Limited democracy although some multi-party (but all religious) presence Strong intermixing of church/state Heightened role of religious leaders/clergy	Political traditionalist - likely to gravitate to Monarchy and anti-democractic regime forms - no multi-party presence Fatalist about political affairs Selective use of pan-Islamic themes Clergy plays reluctant political role, but vital to regime legitimacy	Weaker fusion of religious and political themes Limited democracy - some parties but particularly suspicious of religious extremists Appreciate of role of government in modernization Greater separation of church and state Less zealous pan-Islamism	Weaker fusion of religious and political themes Limited democracy - some parties but particularly suspicious of religious extremists Appreciate of role of government in modernization Greater separation of church and state Less zealous pan-Islamism
	Cultural changes	Cultural anti-westernization	Anti-individualism - group, family, clan Anti-secularization in education - mainly religious training Extreme traditionalism in dress, women's' role Extreme orthodoxy in religious affairs Strong antipathy to western religion	Anti-individualism - group, family, clan Somewhat anti-secularization in education - mixture of religious and technical training Extreme traditionalism in dress, women's' role Extreme orthodoxy in religious affairs Strong antipathy to western religion	Less anti-individualism Willing to embrace elements of Western culture, particularly in education (co-ed, more technical training, foreign exposure) Less antipathy to western religion More western tourism/exposure	Less anti-individualism Willing to embrace elements of Western culture, particularly in education (co-ed, more technical training, foreign exposure) Less antipathy to western religion More western tourism/exposure
	Economic domination	Anti-imperialist nationalism socialism Autarky Integration/globalism	Use of some Islamic economic ideas regarding social policy Very selective use of globalism and modern technology	Use of some Islamic economic ideas regarding social policy Likely globalism and adoption of modern technology to some degree	Use of some Islamic economic ideas regarding social policy Very likely globalism and adoption of modern technology whenever possible	Use of some Islamic economic ideas regarding social policy Very likely globalism and adoption of modern technology whenever possible
		Example	Al Qaeda, Taliban, Iran, other African countries tending...	Saudi Arabia	Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, Pakistan